For embedded IoT applications, operating systems must be lightweight, efficient, and capable of real-time processing. Popular choices include FreeRTOS, known for its low footprint and multitasking capabilities, and Zephyr OS, which supports a wide range of hardware platforms. Contiki OS is favored for low-power IoT devices, while RIOT OS offers scalability and flexibility. Embedded Linux is also widely used for more complex IoT systems requiring higher processing power. The right choice depends on the device’s resource constraints, application requirements, and connectivity needs. Gaining knowledge of these OS options can be a valuable part of an embedded system course.