Microcontrollers act as the brain of embedded systems by integrating a processor, memory, and input/output peripherals on a single chip. They receive signals from sensors, process the data based on programmed instructions, and control actuators or other devices accordingly. Designed for dedicated tasks, microcontrollers offer real-time performance and low power consumption, making them ideal for applications like home appliances, automotive systems, and medical devices. Their compact size and cost-effectiveness contribute to their widespread use across industries. Understanding microcontroller functionality is essential for developing efficient and responsive embedded solutions. If you want to learn more, enroll in an embedded systems course with placement.