Debugging in embedded systems is crucial for ensuring reliable performance. Unlike traditional software, embedded systems often operate with limited resources and require specific techniques to identify and resolve issues. Below are key debugging techniques widely used by engineers:

Using Debuggers:
Debuggers like JTAG or SWD interfaces enable step-by-step code execution and inspection of memory and registers. They allow engineers to set breakpoints, examine variable values, and track code behavior.

Serial Communication Logs:
Serial communication protocols like UART are often used to output logs from the embedded system to a computer for monitoring system behavior and tracking issues in real-time.

Oscilloscopes and Logic Analyzers:
These hardware tools are essential for analyzing electrical signals in embedded systems. Oscilloscopes measure voltage over time, while logic analyzers decode and visualize digital signal patterns, making them invaluable for debugging hardware-related issues.

In-Circuit Emulators (ICE):
ICE allows developers to run embedded code on the actual hardware while monitoring its performance. This helps debug timing issues and hardware-software interactions.

Software Logging:
Effective use of logging frameworks within the code helps capture runtime data. These logs provide insights into the system's state during failure.

Simulation and Testing:
Running simulations of embedded systems before deployment can help identify potential bugs. Unit testing frameworks are also increasingly being adopted to validate specific functionalities.

Code Review and Static Analysis Tools:
Tools like Coverity and PVS-Studio analyze code for potential bugs and vulnerabilities before deployment.

Mastering these debugging techniques requires hands-on practice and theoretical understanding. To build expertise, consider joining a reputed embedded systems training institute to gain practical knowledge and industry-ready skills.