REST API and GraphQL are two approaches to designing APIs, but they differ significantly in structure and functionality.

REST (Representational State Transfer) relies on fixed endpoints (e.g., /users, /products) for data retrieval and manipulation. Each endpoint is tied to a specific resource, and the client receives all data associated with that endpoint, often resulting in over-fetching or under-fetching of data. REST follows HTTP methods like GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE for CRUD operations, making it a standard yet sometimes rigid choice for API design.

GraphQL, by contrast, is a query language and runtime for APIs. It allows clients to request precisely the data they need, reducing over-fetching and improving efficiency. With a single endpoint, GraphQL handles multiple queries, mutations, and subscriptions, offering more flexibility. However, it has a steeper learning curve and requires additional server-side setup.

In summary, REST is ideal for simpler, resource-based APIs, while GraphQL shines in dynamic, complex applications where precise data fetching is essential. Choosing between them depends on your project’s requirements and scalability goals.

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