Django handles database migrations in Python through its built-in migration framework, which is designed to manage changes to the database schema in a systematic way. When developers make changes to Django models (such as adding or removing fields), Django creates migration files that represent those changes. These files are essentially instructions for how to update the database schema to reflect the new model structure.

The command python manage.py makemigrations generates these migration files. Each migration records a specific change, like creating a new table or altering an existing one. After creating the migrations, the command python manage.py migrate applies them to the database, ensuring that the schema matches the current state of the Django models.

This migration system supports both forward migrations (applying changes) and backward migrations (undoing changes), allowing developers to move between different versions of the schema as needed. Django also manages dependencies between migrations, ensuring that they are applied in the correct order.

By automating the management of database schema changes, Django’s migration system simplifies the process of evolving applications while maintaining data integrity.

To master Django migrations and advance your programming skills, consider enrolling in a Python certification course to deepen your understanding.